Core Knowledge and Fundamentals Flashcards

Which of the following best describes 'open kinetic chain' exercise?

Answer: The proximal segment is fixed and distal segment moves freely

In open kinetic chain exercise, the distal segment (e.g., foot or hand) is free to move, such as in a seated leg extension.

A physiotherapist is treating a patient post-anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Which graft source is associated with the lowest re-rupture rate in young active patients?

Answer: Patellar tendon autograft (BTB)

Bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autografts have demonstrated the lowest re-rupture rates in young active patients due to reliable bone-to-bone healing.

Which manual therapy technique involves applying a sustained stretch to lengthen shortened connective tissue and is performed at the end of range?

Answer: Grade IV+ mobilization or manipulation

Grade IV+ Maitland mobilizations or manipulations are performed at end-range and target restrictive connective tissue barriers.

Which cranial nerve is assessed by testing the gag reflex and swallowing?

Answer: Cranial nerve X (Vagus)

The vagus nerve (CN X) mediates the motor component of the gag reflex and swallowing via its pharyngeal and laryngeal branches.

The SOAP note format in clinical documentation stands for:

Answer: Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan

SOAP stands for Subjective (patient's complaints), Objective (measurable findings), Assessment (clinical impression), and Plan (treatment strategy).

During gait analysis, 'initial contact' in the normal gait cycle occurs when:

Answer: The heel strikes the ground at the beginning of stance phase

Initial contact marks the beginning of the stance phase when the heel first strikes the ground, initiating the loading response.

Which test is considered the gold standard for diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears?

Answer: MRI of the knee

MRI is the gold standard for diagnosing ACL tears, with sensitivity and specificity exceeding 90% for identifying ligament integrity.