Core Knowledge and Fundamentals Flashcards

Which type of muscle fiber is predominantly recruited during low-intensity, prolonged aerobic activities?

Answer: Type I slow-twitch fibers

Type I slow-twitch fibers are highly fatigue-resistant and oxidative, making them ideal for sustained aerobic endurance activities.

The Ottawa Ankle Rules are used clinically to determine the need for radiography in ankle injuries. An X-ray is indicated if there is bony tenderness at the:

Answer: Posterior edge of the lateral malleolus or inability to weight-bear

The Ottawa Ankle Rules recommend X-ray if there is bony tenderness at the posterior 6 cm of the lateral or medial malleolus, or if the patient cannot bear weight.

What is the primary action of the gluteus medius muscle?

Answer: Hip abduction and internal rotation

The gluteus medius primarily abducts the hip and assists with internal rotation, and is critical for pelvic stability during gait.

During an assessment, a patient demonstrates a positive Lhermitte's sign. This finding is most associated with:

Answer: Cervical myelopathy or demyelinating disease

Lhermitte's sign, an electric shock sensation down the spine with neck flexion, indicates cervical cord irritation often from myelopathy or multiple sclerosis.

According to the PRICE principle for acute soft tissue injury management, what does the 'C' stand for?

Answer: Compression

In the PRICE acronym (Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation), 'C' stands for Compression, which helps limit swelling.

The end-feel perceived when passively moving a normal elbow into full extension is best described as:

Answer: Bony

Normal elbow extension has a hard bony end-feel due to contact between the olecranon process and the olecranon fossa.

Which dermatome corresponds to the C6 nerve root?

Answer: Thumb and lateral forearm

The C6 dermatome covers the thumb, index finger, and lateral forearm, making it useful for identifying C6 nerve root lesions.