PCB Technology & Digital Applications 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which PCB design software feature allows you to set minimum clearance rules between copper features on the same layer?
- Design Rule Check (DRC) (Correct answer)
- Gerber export
- Bill of Materials generator
- Netlist import
Correct answer: Design Rule Check (DRC)
DRC enforces spacing constraints between copper pours, traces, and pads on any given layer.
Question 2: In KiCad, what file format stores the schematic's electrical connectivity used for PCB layout?
- KiCad Netlist (.net) (Correct answer)
- Gerber (.gbr)
- Excellon (.drl)
- IPC-2581 (.xml)
Correct answer: KiCad Netlist (.net)
The netlist file transfers component connections from the schematic editor to the PCB layout editor in KiCad.
Question 3: What does the term 'interactive router' refer to in PCB EDA software?
- A routing engine that dynamically pushes and shoves traces to avoid obstacles (Correct answer)
- A GUI that lets the user import netlists interactively
- A script that auto-generates vias based on net assignments
- A tool that calculates impedance in real time
Correct answer: A routing engine that dynamically pushes and shoves traces to avoid obstacles
An interactive router moves existing traces out of the way automatically as you route new connections.
Question 4: Which Altium Designer panel is used to inspect and filter nets, components, and rules simultaneously during layout?
- PCB panel (Correct answer)
- Schematic panel
- Output Job panel
- BOM Manager panel
Correct answer: PCB panel
The PCB panel in Altium provides filterable views of nets, components, classes, and design rules.
Question 5: When exporting Gerber files, which layer file typically contains the board outline?
- Edge Cuts / Board Outline layer (Correct answer)
- Copper Top layer
- Paste Mask layer
- Silk Screen layer
Correct answer: Edge Cuts / Board Outline layer
The Edge Cuts (or mechanical outline) layer defines the physical boundary that the fabricator uses to route the board shape.
Question 6: What is the purpose of a 'copper pour' (or flood fill) in PCB layout software?
- To fill open board areas with a copper plane connected to a specified net (Correct answer)
- To apply solder mask over component pads
- To define the board's mechanical cutouts
- To import 3D component models into the layout
Correct answer: To fill open board areas with a copper plane connected to a specified net
A copper pour floods unused board space with copper tied to a net, commonly ground, reducing impedance and improving shielding.
Question 7: In Eagle CAD, what is the function of the 'RATSNEST' command?
- Redraws airwires to show unrouted connections after moving components (Correct answer)
- Exports the board as an SVG file
- Generates a PDF of the schematic
- Calculates trace resistance
Correct answer: Redraws airwires to show unrouted connections after moving components
RATSNEST recalculates and redraws the thin airwire lines that show still-unrouted net connections.
PCB Technology & Digital Applications 2
Which PCB design software feature allows you to set minimum clearance rules between copper features on the same layer?