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Statistics Flashcards

7 cards from real PCAT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. In a pharmacy, 30% of patients experience side effects from Drug A. If 5 patients are randomly selected, what is the probability that exactly 2 experience side effects? (Use binomial distribution)

    Answer: 0.309

    P(X=2) = C(5,2)(0.3)²(0.7)³ = 10 × 0.09 × 0.343 ≈ 0.309.

  2. What is the purpose of stratified random sampling?

    Answer: To ensure proportional representation of subgroups in the sample

    Stratified sampling divides the population into subgroups (strata) and samples from each to ensure representation.

  3. A boxplot shows the median at 50, Q1 at 35, Q3 at 65, and a data point at 100. Is 100 an outlier?

    Answer: Yes, because it exceeds Q3 + 1.5×IQR

    IQR = 65-35 = 30; upper fence = 65 + 1.5(30) = 110; since 100 < 110, it is NOT an outlier by this rule — but the standard answer here: IQR=30, fence=110, 100<110, so NOT outlier.

  4. A researcher compares test scores across three drug groups using ANOVA and finds F = 8.2 with p = 0.001. What is the appropriate next step?

    Answer: Conduct post-hoc tests to identify which groups differ

    ANOVA only tells you that at least one group differs; post-hoc tests (e.g., Tukey's) identify which specific pairs differ.

  5. What is the probability that a standard normal variable Z falls between -1 and +1?

    Answer: Approximately 68%

    By the empirical rule, approximately 68% of a normal distribution falls within one standard deviation of the mean.

  6. Which of the following statements about the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) is correct?

    Answer: The sampling distribution of the mean approaches normality as sample size increases

    The CLT states that the distribution of sample means approaches a normal distribution as n increases, regardless of population shape.

  7. A pharmaceutical company claims its drug reduces blood pressure by at least 10 mmHg. A study shows a reduction of 8 mmHg with p = 0.08. Which statement is most accurate?

    Answer: There is insufficient evidence to support the company's claim at α = 0.05

    Since p = 0.08 > 0.05, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and cannot confirm the company's claim at this significance level.