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Statistics Flashcards

7 cards from real PCAT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Statistics flashcards as text

  1. A dataset has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. What is the z-score of a value of 35?

    Answer: -1.5

    Z = (35 - 50) / 10 = -15 / 10 = -1.5.

  2. Which measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme outliers?

    Answer: Mean

    The mean incorporates all values arithmetically, so extreme outliers pull it significantly.

  3. A clinical trial reports a p-value of 0.03. Which conclusion is most appropriate at α = 0.05?

    Answer: Reject the null hypothesis

    Since p = 0.03 < α = 0.05, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

  4. In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within two standard deviations of the mean?

    Answer: 95%

    The empirical rule states that ~95% of data falls within ±2 standard deviations in a normal distribution.

  5. A researcher wants to determine if there is a linear relationship between drug dose and response. Which statistical test is most appropriate?

    Answer: Pearson correlation

    Pearson correlation measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two continuous variables.

  6. What is the variance of the dataset {2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 9}?

    Answer: 4

    The mean is 5; variance = [(9+1+1+1+0+0+4+16)/8] = 32/8 = 4.

  7. A 95% confidence interval for a mean is (12.3, 18.7). What does this mean?

    Answer: We are 95% confident the true population mean lies between 12.3 and 18.7

    A 95% CI means that 95% of intervals constructed this way will contain the true population parameter.