PAS Anatomy & Physiology of Posture 2

Question 1

Which muscle is considered the primary hip flexor and plays a major role in anterior pelvic tilt?

Accepted Answer

Iliopsoas

Answer

The iliopsoas (iliacus + psoas major) is the primary hip flexor and, when shortened, pulls the lumbar spine and pelvis into anterior tilt.

Question 2

The thoracic spine normally exhibits which type of curvature in the sagittal plane?

Accepted Answer

Kyphosis

Answer

The thoracic spine has a normal kyphotic (posterior convex) curve averaging 20–40 degrees.

Question 3

Which connective tissue structure runs along the posterior aspect of the spine and limits hyperextension?

Accepted Answer

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer

The posterior longitudinal ligament runs inside the vertebral canal along the posterior vertebral bodies, resisting hyperflexion and limiting disc herniation posteriorly.

Question 4

A client presents with elevated and protracted scapulae. Which muscle pair is most likely overactive?

Accepted Answer

Upper trapezius and levator scapulae

Answer

Upper trapezius and levator scapulae elevate and upwardly rotate the scapula; chronic overactivity leads to a protracted, elevated position.

Question 5

Which term describes the postural deviation where the head translates forward relative to the shoulders?

Accepted Answer

Forward head posture

Answer

Forward head posture occurs when the head translates anteriorly beyond the plumb line, increasing mechanical load on cervical extensors.

(PAS) Postural Alignment Specialist Practice Test

(PAS) Postural Alignment Specialist Practice Test

PAS Anatomy & Physiology of Posture 2