Professional Flashcards

Early scientists thought that all dinosaurs, like the majority of reptiles, laid eggs that they soon abandoned. Young that had just hatched were left unattended. The recent discovery of a number of nests, however, has disproved this notion. The nests, which housed petrified dinosaur babies that were not yet born, showed that dinosaur parents did, in fact, take care of their offspring. The newborns would remain at the nest for a while while the parents brought sustenance in the form of plant material back to the nest. Until they were big enough to travel securely on their own, the young stayed at home. The passage is primarily concerned with

Answer: discussing recent findings about dinosaurs' behavior

The passage begins by stating an old belief about dinosaur behavior (abandoning eggs) and then immediately introduces 'the recent discovery of a number of nests' that 'disproved this notion.' The remainder of the text elaborates on these new findings, explaining how they revealed that dinosaur parents actually cared for their offspring. Therefore, the primary focus is on presenting and explaining these new scientific discoveries regarding dinosaur parental behavior.

Early scientists thought that all dinosaurs, like the majority of reptiles, laid eggs that they soon abandoned. Young that had just hatched were left unattended. The recent discovery of a number of nests, however, has disproved this notion. The nests, which housed petrified dinosaur babies that were not yet born, showed that dinosaur parents did, in fact, take care of their offspring. The newborns would remain at the nest for a while while the parents brought sustenance in the form of plant material back to the nest. Until they were big enough to travel securely on their own, the young stayed at home. The discovery of a group of dinosaur nests challenged the idea that dinosaurs

Answer: deserted their young

The passage explicitly states that 'Early scientists thought that all dinosaurs...laid eggs that they soon abandoned' and that 'Young that had just hatched were left unattended.' It then clarifies that 'The recent discovery of a number of nests, however, has disproved this notion.' This directly indicates that the new findings challenged the idea that dinosaurs deserted or abandoned their young, instead showing evidence of parental care.

What inference can be made from the information shown in the graph above?

Answer: The number of Japanese American businesses in Los Angeles and San Francisco increased greatly from 1900 to 1909

To infer that the number of Japanese American businesses increased greatly from 1900 to 1909, the graph (not provided, but implied by the question) would display data points for both cities at both years, showing a clear upward trend in the number of businesses. This type of inference requires comparing data across different time points for specific categories presented in the visual representation.

Despite the fact that many American science-fiction authors now produce books for young readers, few of them make use of the genre's creative freedom. Young-adult science fiction hasn't focused much on technological marvels, intergalactic travel, or discovering new worlds in space since the 1970s. The majority of the works serve as warnings against rigid, conformist cultures or the emergence of savagery. As a reader, I find science fiction to be significantly less intriguing now as a result of this development. Which of the following passage's sentences is most obviously an opinion statement as opposed to a fact?

Answer: "This change...to be."

An opinion statement expresses a personal belief or judgment, often indicated by subjective language. The sentence 'As a reader, I find science fiction to be significantly less intriguing now as a result of this development' clearly uses the phrase 'I find,' which signals a personal preference and subjective evaluation. This makes it an opinion, as it cannot be objectively proven or disproven, unlike the other sentences which describe observable trends or characteristics of the genre.

How many more votes were cast for the park as a class trip activity in the graph above than the mall?

Answer: 2

To determine how many more votes the park received than the mall, one would locate the number of votes for 'park' and the number of votes for 'mall' on the provided graph (not provided, but implied by the question). Then, subtract the number of votes for the mall from the number of votes for the park. The difference between these two values, according to the correct answer, is 2.

A different measurement scale used in the real world.

Answer: Non-Standard unit of measurement

A non-standard unit of measurement refers to using everyday objects or body parts to measure, rather than conventional units like centimeters or inches. Examples include measuring with footsteps, paper clips, or hands. These units are 'non-standard' because they vary from person to person or object to object, making them less precise but often used for informal or introductory measurement activities.

A value obtained by dividing the total by the number of addends. frequently referred to as the standard.

Answer: Mean

The mean, often referred to as the average, is calculated by summing all the values in a dataset and then dividing that sum by the total number of values (addends). This process yields a single value that represents the central tendency or 'standard' of the dataset. It is a fundamental concept in statistics used to summarize data.

Realizing that words are the building blocks of our language and that sounds are the building blocks of words.

Answer: Phonemic awareness

Phonemic awareness is a crucial component of phonological awareness, referring to the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words. This understanding that words are made up of distinct sounds is foundational for learning to read and spell, as it allows children to connect sounds to letters and blend them into words.

A means to depict a portion of a larger whole or a subset of a larger group by indicating the number of equal pieces that make up the whole and the number of the described portions.

Answer: Fraction

A fraction is a mathematical expression that represents a part of a whole. It uses a numerator to show how many parts are being considered and a denominator to show the total number of equal parts that constitute the whole. This definition precisely describes how fractions are used to illustrate portions or subsets of a larger group.

Modifying the material (adding crucial details, a description, etc.).

Answer: Revising

Revising is a critical stage in the writing process where a writer reviews and improves the content, organization, and style of their draft. This involves making significant changes such as adding more details, elaborating on ideas, reorganizing paragraphs, or refining word choice to enhance clarity, coherence, and overall effectiveness of the writing. It focuses on improving the 'what' and 'how' of the message.

The horizontal axis of a coordinate grid.

Answer: X Axis

In a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, the horizontal line is known as the X-axis. It is used to represent the independent variable and measures horizontal distance or position. The X-axis, along with the vertical Y-axis, forms the framework for plotting points and graphing functions.

Texas Fundamental Skills and Knowledge.

Answer: Teks

TEKS stands for Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills. These are the state standards that define what students should know and be able to do in each grade level and subject area in Texas public schools. They serve as the curriculum framework for educators across the state.

Sharing your polished, completed work.

Answer: Publishing

Publishing is the final stage in the writing process where a writer shares their completed and polished work with an audience. After drafting, revising, and editing, publishing makes the work public, whether through printing, online posting, or presentation. This step allows the writer's message to reach its intended readers.

The middle number in a collection of numbers, or the mean of two middle numbers when there are two middle numbers in the set, when the numbers are organized from least to greatest.

Answer: Median

The median is a measure of central tendency that represents the middle value in a dataset. To find the median, the numbers must first be arranged in ascending or descending order. If there's an odd number of values, the median is the single middle number; if there's an even number, it's the average of the two middle numbers.

Ideas-generating exercises, audience and purpose definition exercises

Answer: Prewriting

Prewriting is the initial stage of the writing process, focusing on generating ideas and planning before drafting begins. Activities like brainstorming, outlining, and defining the audience and purpose help writers explore their topic and organize their thoughts. This crucial step lays the foundation for a well-structured and effective piece of writing.

The smallest sound components in spoken language.

Answer: Phonemes

Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language that can distinguish one word from another. For example, the words "cat" and "bat" differ by a single phoneme. Understanding phonemes is fundamental to phonological awareness, which is a critical skill for learning to read and spell.