PAPA PAPA Critical Thinking & Logical Reasoning

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a logical fallacy known as 'ad hominem'?

Accepted Answer

Attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself

Answer

An ad hominem fallacy attacks the person presenting an argument rather than the argument's content.

Question 2

In an argument, a conclusion is best supported by:

Accepted Answer

Relevant evidence and sound reasoning

Answer

A strong conclusion is one drawn from relevant evidence combined with sound, logical reasoning.

Question 3

If all roses are flowers and all flowers need water, what can we conclude?

Accepted Answer

All roses need water

Answer

By transitive logic: roses are flowers, flowers need water; therefore roses need water.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes an inference?

Accepted Answer

A conclusion drawn from evidence and reasoning

Answer

An inference is a conclusion reached by reasoning from evidence that is not directly stated.

Question 5

The 'straw man' fallacy involves:

Accepted Answer

Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to attack it more easily

Answer

A straw man fallacy distorts or oversimplifies an opponent's position to make it easier to refute.

(PAPA) Pre-service Academic Performance Assessment Practice Test