PANRE PANRE Nephrology 2

Question 1

A patient on an ACE inhibitor is found to have bilateral renal artery stenosis. Which lab change is most expected after starting the ACE inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

Increased serum creatinine

Answer

ACE inhibitors block efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction, causing a significant drop in GFR and a rise in creatinine in bilateral renal artery stenosis.

Question 2

A patient with ESRD develops pruritis, pericarditis, and encephalopathy. These findings are best explained by which condition?

Accepted Answer

Uremic syndrome

Answer

Uremic syndrome encompasses pruritis, pericardial inflammation, neurologic changes, and bleeding tendency due to accumulated uremic toxins in ESRD.

Question 3

Impaired 1-alpha hydroxylation of vitamin D in CKD leads to which electrolyte abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Hypocalcemia

Answer

CKD impairs renal 1-alpha hydroxylation of vitamin D, reducing intestinal calcium absorption and causing hypocalcemia with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Question 4

At what GFR level is hemodialysis typically initiated in symptomatic CKD patients?

Accepted Answer

10-15 mL/min/1.73m²

Answer

Dialysis is generally initiated when GFR falls to 10-15 mL/min/1.73m² in patients with uremic symptoms or complications.

Question 5

A child presents with cola-colored urine, periorbital edema, and hypertension 2 weeks after strep throat. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Answer

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis classically presents 1-3 weeks after Group A Strep pharyngitis with hematuria, edema, and hypertension.

PANRE Test Practice Test

PANRE Test Practice Test

PANRE PANRE Nephrology 2