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Reproductive System Flashcards

7 cards from real PANCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A 55-year-old woman presents with postmenopausal bleeding. Endometrial biopsy shows grade 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Which is the most significant risk factor she likely has?

    Answer: Unopposed estrogen exposure

    Unopposed estrogen exposure (obesity, anovulation, exogenous estrogen without progesterone) is the most common risk factor for type I endometrioid endometrial carcinoma.

  2. A 16-year-old girl presents with severe dysmenorrhea since menarche. Pelvic exam is normal. NSAIDs provide minimal relief. What is the most appropriate next treatment?

    Answer: Combined oral contraceptive pills

    Combined oral contraceptives are second-line therapy for primary dysmenorrhea after NSAIDs fail, suppressing ovulation and reducing prostaglandin-mediated uterine cramping.

  3. A 34-year-old G1P0 at 41 weeks gestation has a Bishop score of 3. Induction of labor is planned. Which agent is most appropriate for cervical ripening?

    Answer: Misoprostol intravaginally

    Misoprostol (PGE1 analogue) applied intravaginally is effective for cervical ripening in an unfavorable cervix (Bishop score <6) prior to labor induction.

  4. A 44-year-old woman is newly diagnosed with stage II cervical cancer. HPV genotyping shows HPV-18. Which treatment modality is most appropriate?

    Answer: Concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy and radiation

    Stage II cervical cancer is treated with concurrent cisplatin-based chemoradiation, which improves survival compared to radiation alone.

  5. A 25-year-old man presents with bilateral cryptorchidism corrected at age 4 and now seeks fertility counseling. What is the most appropriate initial test?

    Answer: Semen analysis

    Semen analysis is the first-line test for evaluating male fertility because it directly assesses sperm count, motility, and morphology.

  6. A 32-year-old woman with PCOS desires contraception and treatment of acne and hirsutism. Which combined oral contraceptive ingredient provides the most anti-androgenic benefit?

    Answer: Drospirenone

    Drospirenone has anti-androgenic and antimineralocorticoid properties, making it the preferred progestin component for PCOS patients with hyperandrogenic symptoms.

  7. A 38-year-old woman at 20 weeks gestation undergoes amniocentesis. Which complication should be discussed as the most significant risk?

    Answer: Pregnancy loss (~0.1-0.3%)

    The primary risk of mid-trimester amniocentesis is pregnancy loss, occurring in approximately 0.1-0.3% of procedures when performed by experienced operators.