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PANCE Renal System Flashcards

6 cards from real PANCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 PANCE Renal System flashcards as text

  1. A patient with nephrotic syndrome has 4+ proteinuria and lipiduria. Which urinalysis finding is most characteristic?

    Answer: Oval fat bodies

    Oval fat bodies are characteristic of nephrotic syndrome due to lipiduria from massive glomerular protein loss.

  2. A 55-year-old presents with flank pain, gross hematuria, and a palpable mass. CT reveals a solid renal mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Renal cell carcinoma

    Renal cell carcinoma classically presents with the triad of hematuria, flank pain, and a palpable mass in adults.

  3. Which medication class is first-line for reducing proteinuria and slowing CKD progression in a patient with diabetic nephropathy?

    Answer: ACE inhibitors

    ACE inhibitors reduce intraglomerular pressure and proteinuria, slowing progression of diabetic nephropathy.

  4. A patient with CKD has a serum potassium of 6.4 mEq/L and peaked T-waves on ECG. What is the first intervention?

    Answer: IV calcium gluconate

    IV calcium gluconate immediately stabilizes the cardiac membrane when ECG changes are present in hyperkalemia.

  5. Which lab pattern is most consistent with prerenal azotemia?

    Answer: BUN:Cr ratio >20:1 with urine sodium <20 mEq/L

    Prerenal azotemia shows a BUN:Cr >20:1 and low urine sodium as the kidneys avidly retain sodium to restore perfusion.

  6. A dialysis patient develops fever, chills, and hypotension during a hemodialysis session. What is the most likely cause?

    Answer: Catheter-related bloodstream infection

    Fever, rigors, and hypotension during dialysis most commonly indicate catheter-related bloodstream infection.