PANCE Renal System Flashcards
6 cards from real PANCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 PANCE Renal System flashcards as text
Which acid-base disorder is most commonly seen in end-stage renal disease?
Answer: High anion gap metabolic acidosis
Inability to excrete acid and regenerate bicarbonate in ESRD leads to high anion gap metabolic acidosis from accumulation of organic acids.
A patient has colicky flank pain radiating to the groin, hematuria, and nausea. KUB shows a radiopaque stone at the ureterovesical junction. What is the most common stone type?
Answer: Calcium oxalate
Calcium oxalate stones are the most common nephrolithiasis type, appearing radiopaque on plain film.
Which medication must be held when GFR falls below 30 mL/min due to risk of lactic acidosis?
Answer: Metformin
Metformin accumulates in severe CKD and inhibits hepatic mitochondrial respiration, causing life-threatening lactic acidosis.
A patient develops oliguria and elevated creatinine after aminoglycoside therapy. Urinalysis shows muddy brown granular casts. What is the diagnosis?
Answer: Acute tubular necrosis
Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity causes direct tubular injury, producing the classic muddy brown granular casts of ATN.
A child develops oliguria, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia after a bloody diarrheal illness. What is the diagnosis?
Answer: Hemolytic uremic syndrome
HUS classically follows E. coli O157:H7 infection and presents with the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and AKI.
What is the first-line noninvasive screening test for suspected renal artery stenosis?
Answer: Renal artery duplex ultrasound
Renal artery duplex ultrasound is the preferred initial screening modality as it avoids contrast and radiation while assessing renal artery flow.