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PANCE Renal System Flashcards

6 cards from real PANCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 PANCE Renal System flashcards as text

  1. A 10-year-old develops cola-colored urine and periorbital edema 2 weeks after a strep throat infection. What is the diagnosis?

    Answer: Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

    Poststreptococcal GN typically follows strep pharyngitis by 1–3 weeks and presents with hematuria and edema.

  2. Which electrolyte abnormality is most characteristic of chronic kidney disease due to impaired excretion?

    Answer: Hyperphosphatemia

    Impaired phosphate excretion in CKD leads to hyperphosphatemia, which also drives secondary hyperparathyroidism.

  3. A patient has urine sodium of 10 mEq/L, urine osmolality 700 mOsm/kg, and elevated BUN. What is the most likely cause of AKI?

    Answer: Prerenal azotemia

    Low urine sodium and high urine osmolality indicate intact tubular function with appropriate sodium conservation, consistent with prerenal AKI.

  4. A 68-year-old male presents with inability to urinate and a distended, palpable bladder. What is the most common cause in this population?

    Answer: Benign prostatic hyperplasia

    Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the most common cause of acute urinary retention in men over 50.

  5. Which urine finding best differentiates nephritic syndrome from nephrotic syndrome?

    Answer: RBC casts

    RBC casts indicate glomerular hematuria from inflammation and are the hallmark of nephritic syndrome.

  6. A patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease asks about the most life-threatening extrarenal complication. What is it?

    Answer: Intracranial berry aneurysm

    Intracranial berry aneurysms occur in ~10% of ADPKD patients and are the most dangerous extrarenal manifestation due to subarachnoid hemorrhage risk.