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Neurologic System Flashcards

7 cards from real PANCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Neurologic System flashcards as text

  1. A 50-year-old man with a history of alcohol use disorder presents with confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. What is the immediate treatment?

    Answer: Thiamine before glucose

    Wernicke encephalopathy requires immediate IV thiamine before glucose, as glucose administration can precipitate or worsen thiamine deficiency.

  2. A 25-year-old woman has recurrent episodes of unilateral throbbing headache with photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea lasting 12–24 hours. What is the acute treatment of choice?

    Answer: Triptans (e.g., sumatriptan)

    Triptans are serotonin 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists and are first-line acute therapy for moderate-to-severe migraine.

  3. A 70-year-old woman develops diplopia and dysphagia after recovering from a respiratory infection 3 weeks ago. Tensilon (edrophonium) test is positive. What is the underlying mechanism?

    Answer: Antibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction

    Myasthenia gravis results from anti-AChR antibodies blocking neuromuscular transmission, and symptoms improve with edrophonium (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor).

  4. A patient with a seizure disorder is started on valproic acid. Which laboratory value must be monitored due to a serious adverse effect?

    Answer: Liver function tests

    Valproic acid can cause hepatotoxicity (particularly in children < 2 years) and pancreatitis; LFTs and amylase/lipase should be monitored.

  5. A right-handed patient has an infarct of the left middle cerebral artery territory. Which deficit is most expected?

    Answer: Right hemiplegia with expressive aphasia

    Left MCA stroke in a right-handed person causes contralateral (right) hemiplegia and Broca or global aphasia since language centers are in the left hemisphere.

  6. A 40-year-old HIV-positive patient (CD4 count 80 cells/μL) presents with headache, fever, and altered mental status. CSF India ink preparation shows encapsulated organisms. What is the treatment?

    Answer: Liposomal amphotericin B plus flucytosine

    Cryptococcal meningitis is treated with induction using liposomal amphotericin B plus flucytosine for at least 2 weeks, followed by fluconazole consolidation.

  7. A patient with chronic low back pain and left leg radiculopathy has weakness of ankle dorsiflexion and great toe extension. Which nerve root is most likely affected?

    Answer: L5

    L5 nerve root compression causes weakness of ankle dorsiflexion (tibialis anterior) and great toe extension (extensor hallucis longus).