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Gastrointestinal Flashcards

7 cards from real PANCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Gastrointestinal flashcards as text

  1. A 65-year-old male with a history of NSAID use presents with a duodenal ulcer. Which of the following locations is most common for duodenal ulcers?

    Answer: Anterior wall of the first part of the duodenum

    The majority of duodenal ulcers occur on the anterior wall of the first part (bulb) of the duodenum, where acid exposure is highest.

  2. A 50-year-old presents with jaundice, pale stools, dark urine, and a palpable, non-tender gallbladder. Which condition is most likely?

    Answer: Pancreatic head carcinoma

    Courvoisier's sign (painless palpable gallbladder with obstructive jaundice) suggests malignant biliary obstruction, most commonly pancreatic head cancer.

  3. Which of the following is the gold standard for diagnosing esophageal motility disorders such as achalasia?

    Answer: Esophageal manometry

    Esophageal manometry is the definitive test for diagnosing achalasia, showing absence of peristalsis and failure of the LES to relax.

  4. A 35-year-old with Crohn disease develops a new fistula between the bowel and the bladder. What is the most specific symptom of this complication?

    Answer: Pneumaturia (air in the urine)

    Pneumaturia (passage of gas in urine) is the pathognomonic symptom of an enterovesical fistula, caused by a bowel-bladder connection.

  5. A patient on long-term PPI therapy is most at risk for deficiency in which micronutrient?

    Answer: All of the above

    Long-term PPI use impairs absorption of magnesium, vitamin B12 (requires acid for release from food), and iron, making all three deficiencies relevant.

  6. A 60-year-old presents with iron deficiency anemia, weight loss, and a change in bowel habits. Colonoscopy reveals a mass in the ascending colon. Which is the most likely histologic type?

    Answer: Adenocarcinoma

    Over 95% of colorectal cancers are adenocarcinomas arising from colonic epithelium, with right-sided tumors often presenting with occult bleeding and anemia.

  7. Which of the following is NOT a feature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

    Answer: Nocturnal diarrhea awakening the patient

    Nocturnal diarrhea that awakens the patient is a red flag suggesting organic disease, not IBS, which is a functional disorder that does not cause nighttime symptoms.