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Gastrointestinal Flashcards

7 cards from real PANCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Gastrointestinal flashcards as text

  1. A 55-year-old male presents with dysphagia to solids that has progressed to liquids over 3 months, with a 15-lb weight loss. Which diagnosis is most likely?

    Answer: Esophageal adenocarcinoma

    Progressive dysphagia from solids to liquids combined with significant weight loss in an older adult is the classic presentation of esophageal carcinoma.

  2. Which of the following is the most appropriate first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori eradication in the US?

    Answer: Omeprazole + amoxicillin + clarithromycin for 14 days

    Triple therapy with a PPI plus amoxicillin and clarithromycin for 14 days remains the standard first-line H. pylori regimen in regions with acceptable clarithromycin resistance rates.

  3. A patient with cirrhosis develops confusion, asterixis, and elevated ammonia. Which intervention is most appropriate?

    Answer: Lactulose to target 2-3 soft stools per day

    Lactulose decreases ammonia production and absorption in the gut, making it the treatment of choice for hepatic encephalopathy.

  4. A 40-year-old woman presents with right upper quadrant pain after fatty meals, fever of 38.8°C, and jaundice. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Ascending cholangitis

    Charcot's triad of RUQ pain, fever, and jaundice is pathognomonic for ascending cholangitis caused by biliary obstruction and infection.

  5. A 28-year-old presents with bloody diarrhea, tenesmus, and proctitis. Colonoscopy shows continuous mucosal inflammation starting from the rectum. Which diagnosis is most consistent?

    Answer: Ulcerative colitis

    Ulcerative colitis characteristically starts in the rectum with continuous mucosal involvement, causing bloody diarrhea and tenesmus.

  6. A patient presents with a painless, hard, left supraclavicular lymph node and significant weight loss. Upper endoscopy reveals a gastric mass. Which eponymous finding is described?

    Answer: Virchow node

    Virchow node (left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy) represents metastatic spread of intra-abdominal malignancy, most commonly gastric cancer, via the thoracic duct.

  7. Which laboratory finding is most characteristic of acute pancreatitis?

    Answer: Elevated lipase >3x upper limit of normal

    Serum lipase elevated more than three times the upper limit of normal is the most sensitive and specific marker for acute pancreatitis.