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Endocrine System Flashcards

7 cards from real PANCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A 45-year-old woman presents with weight gain, cold intolerance, and constipation. TSH is 12 mIU/L and free T4 is low. Which medication is first-line treatment?

    Answer: Levothyroxine

    Levothyroxine (synthetic T4) is the first-line treatment for hypothyroidism.

  2. A patient with type 1 diabetes develops sudden confusion, diaphoresis, and tremors. Blood glucose is 42 mg/dL. What is the most appropriate immediate intervention?

    Answer: Give 15-20g of fast-acting carbohydrates

    The rule of 15 (15g fast carbs, recheck in 15 min) is first-line for a conscious hypoglycemic patient.

  3. A 52-year-old man has a serum calcium of 11.8 mg/dL, PTH of 95 pg/mL, and is asymptomatic. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Primary hyperparathyroidism

    Elevated calcium with elevated (or inappropriately normal) PTH is the hallmark of primary hyperparathyroidism.

  4. Which of the following is the most common cause of Cushing syndrome in clinical practice?

    Answer: Exogenous corticosteroid use

    Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome from exogenous glucocorticoid use is the most common cause overall.

  5. A 28-year-old woman has amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and a serum prolactin of 120 ng/mL. MRI shows a 7 mm pituitary lesion. First-line treatment is:

    Answer: Bromocriptine or cabergoline

    Dopamine agonists (cabergoline preferred) are first-line for prolactinomas regardless of size.

  6. A patient with known Addison disease presents with severe hypotension and vomiting after a flu illness. Which is the most critical immediate treatment?

    Answer: IV hydrocortisone and saline

    Adrenal crisis requires immediate IV hydrocortisone and aggressive IV fluid resuscitation with normal saline.

  7. A 60-year-old man on lithium for 15 years presents with polyuria and polydipsia. Urine osmolality remains low after water deprivation but increases after desmopressin. What is the diagnosis?

    Answer: Central diabetes insipidus

    Response to desmopressin indicates central (not nephrogenic) DI; lithium can cause nephrogenic DI, but response to ADH analog points to central.