PANCE PANCE Renal System 2

Question 1

A 10-year-old develops cola-colored urine and periorbital edema 2 weeks after a strep throat infection. What is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Answer

Poststreptococcal GN typically follows strep pharyngitis by 1–3 weeks and presents with hematuria and edema.

Question 2

Which electrolyte abnormality is most characteristic of chronic kidney disease due to impaired excretion?

Accepted Answer

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer

Impaired phosphate excretion in CKD leads to hyperphosphatemia, which also drives secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Question 3

A patient has urine sodium of 10 mEq/L, urine osmolality 700 mOsm/kg, and elevated BUN. What is the most likely cause of AKI?

Accepted Answer

Prerenal azotemia

Answer

Low urine sodium and high urine osmolality indicate intact tubular function with appropriate sodium conservation, consistent with prerenal AKI.

Question 4

A 68-year-old male presents with inability to urinate and a distended, palpable bladder. What is the most common cause in this population?

Accepted Answer

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the most common cause of acute urinary retention in men over 50.

Question 5

Which urine finding best differentiates nephritic syndrome from nephrotic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

RBC casts

Answer

RBC casts indicate glomerular hematuria from inflammation and are the hallmark of nephritic syndrome.

PANCE Test Practice Test