PALS Airway Management 3

Question 1

After endotracheal intubation of a pediatric patient, the capnography waveform is flat. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Esophageal intubation with tube in the wrong position

Answer

Successful tracheal intubation with poor lung compliance

Answer

Right mainstem bronchus intubation

Answer

Severe bronchospasm reducing CO2 exhalation

Question 2

Using the rule of 3, what is the estimated endotracheal tube insertion depth at the lip for a child receiving a 5.0 mm (ID) tube?

Accepted Answer

15 cm

Answer

10 cm

Answer

12 cm

Answer

18 cm

Question 3

What is the recommended immediate action if the first attempt at pediatric endotracheal intubation is unsuccessful?

Accepted Answer

Resume bag-mask ventilation to oxygenate before reattempting

Answer

Immediately reattempt intubation with the same blade and technique

Answer

Administer epinephrine and reattempt after 2 minutes

Answer

Proceed directly to surgical cricothyrotomy

Question 4

What is the goal SpO2 before performing rapid sequence intubation (RSI) in a pediatric patient if clinical conditions permit?

Accepted Answer

SpO2 greater than 99%

Answer

SpO2 greater than 85%

Answer

SpO2 greater than 90%

Answer

SpO2 greater than 95%

Question 5

A provider is unable to visualize the vocal cords during direct laryngoscopy in a 3-year-old. Which device is the best alternative to improve glottic visualization?

Accepted Answer

Video laryngoscope

Answer

Oropharyngeal airway (OPA)

Answer

Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)

Answer

Magill forceps

Question 6

Where should the tip of the endotracheal tube ideally be positioned on a post-intubation chest radiograph in a pediatric patient?

Accepted Answer

In the mid-trachea, between the clavicles and the carina

Answer

At the level of the carina to maximize tidal volume delivery

Answer

At the level of the glottis for easy removal if needed

Answer

In the right mainstem bronchus to protect the left lung

Question 7

During pediatric bag-mask ventilation, which finding most suggests the child has a gastric air leak causing ventilation difficulty?

Accepted Answer

Epigastric distension with each ventilation

Answer

Increasing SpO2 with each breath

Answer

Bilateral chest rise with audible breath sounds

Answer

Heart rate increasing toward normal range