RRT RRT Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Question 1

What is the most common cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature neonates?

Accepted Answer

Surfactant deficiency

Answer

RDS in premature infants results from insufficient surfactant production by immature type II pneumocytes, causing progressive alveolar collapse.

Question 2

Which Apgar score component assesses a newborn's respiratory effort?

Accepted Answer

Respiration

Answer

The Apgar score evaluates respiration (absent=0, slow/irregular=1, strong cry=2) at 1 and 5 minutes to assess transition to extrauterine life.

Question 3

Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid

Answer

TTN results from retained fetal lung fluid that was not adequately cleared during labor, causing mild respiratory distress that resolves within 24–72 hours.

Question 4

What is the primary treatment for meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) with respiratory failure?

Accepted Answer

Supportive care with supplemental oxygen, and surfactant or HFOV if severe

Answer

Current guidelines recommend supportive care with oxygen, and for severe MAS, surfactant lavage and HFOV may be used to improve oxygenation.

Question 5

What oxygen saturation target is recommended for preterm neonates to reduce the risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)?

Accepted Answer

91–95%

Answer

Targeting SpO2 of 91–95% in preterm neonates balances the risk of ROP from hyperoxia against mortality and morbidity from hypoxia.

RRT Exam Practice Test

RRT Exam Practice Test

RRT RRT Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care