Pharmacy Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications and Counseling 3

Question 1

A pregnant patient asks about safe OTC options for heartburn. Which is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Calcium carbonate antacids (Tums) in moderation

Answer

Calcium carbonate antacids (Tums) are generally considered safe in pregnancy and provide the added benefit of supplemental calcium. Aspirin and high-dose sodium bicarbonate are avoided; ranitidine was recalled in 2020.

Question 2

Which OTC sleep aid ingredient is the same as a common antihistamine?

Accepted Answer

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl/ZzzQuil)

Answer

Diphenhydramine HCl, the active ingredient in many OTC sleep aids (ZzzQuil, Unisom SleepTabs, Benadryl), is an H1 antihistamine that causes sedation as a side effect.

Question 3

A patient with diabetes asks for an OTC cold remedy. Which ingredient should they be most cautious about?

Accepted Answer

High fructose corn syrup/sugar-containing liquid formulations

Answer

Many liquid cough/cold syrups contain significant amounts of sugar (or alcohol) that can raise blood glucose. Diabetic patients should select sugar-free formulations or use non-liquid dosage forms.

Question 4

Emergency contraception (Plan B/levonorgestrel) is available OTC without age restriction. Counseling should include that it is MOST effective when taken:

Accepted Answer

Within 24 hours; effectiveness decreases significantly by 72 hours

Answer

Levonorgestrel EC is most effective within 24 hours (95% effective), declining to ~58% by 49–72 hours. It is approved up to 72 hours but should be taken as soon as possible.

Question 5

Which OTC topical analgesic works by depleting substance P from sensory nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

Capsaicin cream

Answer

Capsaicin binds to TRPV1 receptors on sensory nerves, initially causing burning, then depleting substance P — a pain neurotransmitter — leading to long-term pain relief with regular use.

Pharmacy Practice Test

Pharmacy Practice Test

Pharmacy Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications and Counseling 3