PAM PAM Contraindications & Precautions

Question 1

Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for all forms of electrical stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Implanted cardiac pacemaker

Answer

An implanted cardiac pacemaker is an absolute contraindication for electrical stimulation because electrical current can interfere with pacemaker function.

Question 2

Over which area should therapeutic ultrasound never be applied in pediatric patients?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal growth plates

Answer

Ultrasound over active epiphyseal growth plates in children is contraindicated because it may disrupt normal bone development.

Question 3

Why are heat modalities contraindicated in acute inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Heat increases circulation and metabolism, worsening swelling and pain

Answer

Heat increases circulation and cellular metabolic activity, which can exacerbate acute inflammation by adding to existing swelling and pain.

Question 4

Cold modalities are contraindicated in patients with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Raynaud's disease

Answer

Raynaud's disease involves vasospastic attacks triggered by cold exposure, making cold modalities dangerous for these patients.

Question 5

Over which anatomical area is TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) absolutely contraindicated?

Accepted Answer

Carotid sinus

Answer

Applying TENS over the carotid sinus can trigger cardiac arrhythmias and a dangerous reflex drop in blood pressure.

(PAM) Physical Agent Modalities Certification Practice Test

(PAM) Physical Agent Modalities Certification Practice Test

PAM PAM Contraindications & Precautions