COT Ocular Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Which layer of the cornea is responsible for maintaining corneal deturgescence through its pump function?

Accepted Answer

Endothelium

Answer

The corneal endothelium contains Na+/K+-ATPase pumps that actively remove fluid from the stroma to maintain corneal clarity.

Question 2

The fovea centralis, responsible for the sharpest central vision, is located in which retinal structure?

Accepted Answer

Macula lutea

Answer

The fovea centralis is a small depression at the center of the macula lutea and contains the highest concentration of cone photoreceptors.

Question 3

Aqueous humor is produced by which structure of the eye?

Accepted Answer

Ciliary body

Answer

The ciliary body epithelium secretes aqueous humor into the posterior chamber, where it flows through the pupil into the anterior chamber.

Question 4

Which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle?

Accepted Answer

CN VI

Answer

Cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve) exclusively innervates the lateral rectus muscle, which abducts the eye.

Question 5

The optic nerve head (optic disc) is located approximately how many degrees nasal to the fovea?

Accepted Answer

15 degrees

Answer

The optic disc is located approximately 15 degrees nasal to the fovea, corresponding to the blind spot in the visual field.

COT - Certified Ophthalmic Technician Practice Test