Civic Literacy Exam Public Policy & Political Systems 2

Question 1

What is the difference between a parliamentary system and a presidential system of government?

Accepted Answer

In a parliamentary system the executive is drawn from and accountable to the legislature; in a presidential system the executive is separately elected and serves independently

Answer

The key distinction is the separation of powers: presidential systems (like the U.S.) have separately elected executive and legislative branches; parliamentary systems (like the UK) have the prime minister and cabinet drawn from and responsible to the parliament.

Question 2

What is the policy-making significance of 'iron triangles' in American government?

Accepted Answer

They represent stable relationships between congressional committees, executive agencies, and interest groups that can dominate policy in specific areas

Answer

Iron triangles are mutually beneficial relationships among a congressional committee (which controls funding and oversight), a government agency (which implements policy), and interest groups (which provide political support and information) — these relationships can significantly shape public policy in specific domains.

Question 3

What is 'federalism' as practiced in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A system dividing governmental power between the national government and state governments, each with their own spheres of authority

Answer

American federalism divides sovereign power between the federal and state governments, each having independent authority in certain domains. Neither completely controls the other, though federal law is supreme when they conflict.

Question 4

What are 'enumerated powers' of Congress?

Accepted Answer

Powers explicitly listed in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, such as the power to tax, regulate commerce, and declare war

Answer

Enumerated powers are those specifically listed in the Constitution, primarily in Article I, Section 8. They include powers to levy taxes, borrow money, regulate commerce, coin money, establish post offices, declare war, and raise armed forces.

Question 5

What is the role of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)?

Accepted Answer

It assists the President in preparing the federal budget and oversees the administration of the executive branch

Answer

The OMB, part of the Executive Office of the President, helps develop and implement the President's budget proposals, oversees executive agency performance, and reviews regulations and legislation from a budgetary perspective.

Civic Literacy Exam Practice Test

Civic Literacy Exam Practice Test

Civic Literacy Exam Public Policy & Political Systems 2