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Question 1

At what gestational age is the standard 75-gram OGTT typically performed to screen for gestational diabetes?

Accepted Answer

24–28 weeks

Answer

Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus is performed at 24–28 weeks of gestation when placental hormones peak and insulin resistance is greatest.

Question 2

Which insulin type has the most established safety profile and is commonly used as basal insulin during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

NPH insulin

Answer

NPH insulin has the most robust safety and efficacy data in pregnancy and remains the preferred basal insulin during gestation.

Question 3

The ADA recommends screening children with T1D for which autoimmune condition at diagnosis and periodically thereafter?

Accepted Answer

Celiac disease

Answer

The ADA recommends celiac disease screening with tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies in children with T1D due to shared autoimmune pathways.

Question 4

For an elderly patient with complex health status and multiple comorbidities, which HbA1c target is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

<7.5–8.0%

Answer

The ADA recommends less stringent HbA1c targets of 7.5–8.0% for elderly patients with complex health to minimize dangerous hypoglycemia.

Question 5

Poorly controlled gestational diabetes primarily increases the risk of which neonatal complication?

Accepted Answer

Macrosomia and neonatal hypoglycemia

Answer

High maternal glucose drives fetal hyperinsulinism, causing macrosomia (large birth weight) and neonatal hypoglycemia after delivery.

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