ATDH Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Question 1

Which type of tissue lines the inner surfaces of blood vessels and the heart?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Answer

Simple squamous epithelial tissue, called endothelium, lines the interior of blood vessels and the heart.

Question 2

The axial skeleton includes which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

Answer

The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs, forming the central axis of the body.

Question 3

Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating body temperature, fluid balance, and protection against pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Integumentary system

Answer

The integumentary system (skin, hair, nails, glands) regulates body temperature, prevents water loss, and acts as the first line of defense.

Question 4

A sarcomere is the basic functional unit of which type of tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac and skeletal muscle

Answer

Sarcomeres are repeating contractile units found in striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle fibers, bounded by Z-lines.

Question 5

The term 'distal' in anatomical directional terminology means:

Accepted Answer

Farther from the point of attachment or origin

Answer

Distal refers to a position farther from the point of attachment or origin of a limb, opposite of proximal.

ATDH - Admission Test for Dental Hygiene Practice Test