AFCT General Science: Physical and Chemical 2

Question 1

What is Newton's Second Law of Motion?

Accepted Answer

Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma)

Answer

Newton's Second Law states that the net force acting on an object equals its mass multiplied by its acceleration (F = ma). This means acceleration is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to mass.

Question 2

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

Accepted Answer

Elements contain only one type of atom; compounds contain two or more types of atoms chemically bonded together

Answer

An element is a pure substance consisting of only one type of atom (e.g., oxygen, gold, carbon). A compound is a substance formed when two or more different elements chemically bond together in fixed proportions (e.g., water H2O, salt NaCl).

Question 3

What is the law of conservation of energy?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another

Answer

The law of conservation of energy (First Law of Thermodynamics) states that the total energy in an isolated system remains constant. Energy can change forms (kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, etc.) but the total amount is conserved.

Question 4

What is the pH scale used to measure?

Accepted Answer

The acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Answer

The pH scale (0-14) measures how acidic or basic (alkaline) a solution is. Values below 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is basic. The scale is logarithmic, so each unit represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 5

What is the difference between heat and temperature?

Accepted Answer

Heat is the total thermal energy transferred between objects; temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles

Answer

Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects of different temperatures. Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. A large object at a low temperature can contain more total thermal energy than a small object at a high temperature.

(AFCT) Armed Forces Classification Test Practice Test

(AFCT) Armed Forces Classification Test Practice Test

AFCT General Science: Physical and Chemical 2