OT Anatomy & Physiology 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion and is classified as a multiaxial synovial joint?
- Hinge joint
- Condyloid joint
- Ball-and-socket joint (Correct answer)
- Pivot joint
Correct answer: Ball-and-socket joint
Ball-and-socket joints (e.g., hip, shoulder) allow movement in all three planes plus circumduction, making them the most mobile joint type.
Question 2: In a patient with C6 spinal cord injury, which muscle function is preserved that allows tenodesis grasp?
- Finger flexors (FDP)
- Wrist extensors (ECRL/ECRB) (Correct answer)
- Intrinsic hand muscles
- Thumb opposition (opponens pollicis)
Correct answer: Wrist extensors (ECRL/ECRB)
C6 SCI preserves wrist extension, enabling passive finger flexion through tenodesis as the wrist extends, allowing a functional grasp without active finger flexors.
Question 3: The saphenous nerve, a branch of the femoral nerve, provides sensory innervation to which area?
- Lateral thigh
- Posterior calf
- Medial leg and foot (Correct answer)
- Dorsum of the foot
Correct answer: Medial leg and foot
The saphenous nerve is the terminal sensory branch of the femoral nerve, supplying the medial aspect of the leg from the knee to the medial foot.
Question 4: Which lung lobe is most commonly affected by aspiration pneumonia in a supine patient?
- Right upper lobe
- Left lower lobe
- Right lower lobe (posterior segment) (Correct answer)
- Left upper lobe
Correct answer: Right lower lobe (posterior segment)
In supine patients, gravity directs aspirated material to the posterior segment of the right lower lobe due to the more vertical angle of the right main bronchus.
Question 5: Which anatomical structure separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the thigh?
- Inguinal ligament
- Iliotibial band
- Lateral and medial intermuscular septa (Correct answer)
- Fascia lata
Correct answer: Lateral and medial intermuscular septa
The lateral and medial femoral intermuscular septa extend from the fascia lata to the femur, separating the anterior, posterior, and medial thigh compartments.
Question 6: An OT is treating a client with Swan neck deformity. Which joint positions characterize this deformity?
- PIP flexion and DIP extension
- MCP extension and PIP flexion
- PIP hyperextension and DIP flexion (Correct answer)
- MCP flexion and DIP hyperextension
Correct answer: PIP hyperextension and DIP flexion
Swan neck deformity presents with PIP joint hyperextension and DIP joint flexion, commonly caused by intrinsic muscle tightness or volar plate laxity.
Question 7: Which muscle group is responsible for producing inversion of the foot?
- Peroneus longus and brevis
- Tibialis anterior and posterior (Correct answer)
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Gastrocnemius and soleus
Correct answer: Tibialis anterior and posterior
The tibialis anterior (dorsiflexion + inversion) and tibialis posterior (plantarflexion + inversion) are the primary inverters of the foot.
OT Anatomy & Physiology 3
Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion and is classified as a multiaxial synovial joint?