Kinesiology Flashcards

What trunk joint motion is involved in picking up a pencil from the floor next to your chair?

Answer: Lateral Bending

Picking up a pencil from the floor next to your chair typically involves bending the trunk sideways towards the object. This movement is specifically known as lateral bending or lateral flexion of the trunk. It occurs in the frontal plane, allowing the body to reach to one side.

When the teeth are clenched or when the mouth is slightly open, is the TMJ (jaw) in the close-packed position?

Answer: When the teeth are clenched

The close-packed position of a joint is where the joint surfaces are maximally congruent and the ligaments are most taut, providing maximum stability. For the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), this occurs when the teeth are clenched, as the condyle is fully seated in the mandibular fossa and the articular disc is compressed.

What position is one in when they are lying on a bed and gazing up at the ceiling?

Answer: Supine

The supine position describes a person lying on their back, with their face and torso facing upwards. Therefore, when someone is lying on a bed and gazing up at the ceiling, they are in the supine position. This is a standard anatomical term for body orientation.

Flex the shoulder from an extended posture and check to see if the humerus is moving on the scapula or the other way around.

Answer: Humerus is moving on the scapula

During shoulder flexion, particularly from an extended posture, the primary movement involves the head of the humerus moving within the glenoid fossa of the scapula. While the scapula also contributes to the movement through scapulohumeral rhythm, the direct action of lifting the arm involves the humerus articulating on the scapula.

Which is heavier, cancellous bone or compact bone? Then why?

Answer: A. Compact. B. Because it's less porous (more dense).

Compact bone, also known as cortical bone, is denser and less porous than cancellous (spongy) bone. Its tightly packed structure makes it heavier and stronger, providing rigidity and resistance to bending. Cancellous bone, with its trabecular network, is lighter due to its porous nature, offering strength without excessive weight.

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer: Hyaline cartilage is located at the bone ends of synovial joints & provides a smooth articulating surface.

Hyaline cartilage is a type of connective tissue found covering the ends of bones within synovial joints, where it is called articular cartilage. Its main function is to provide a smooth, low-friction surface that allows bones to glide easily past each other during movement. It also helps to absorb shock and distribute loads across the joint.

In an extended position, flex the shoulder and check to see if the scapula's glenoid fossa has a concave or convex joint surface.

Answer: Concave

The glenoid fossa of the scapula is characterized by its shallow, concave articular surface. This concavity articulates with the convex head of the humerus, forming the glenohumeral joint. This shape allows for a wide range of motion while providing a socket for the humeral head.

What kind of force is exerted to the front section of the vertebra when a person squats down to touch the ground in the sagittal plane?

Answer: Compression

When a person squats down to touch the ground, the trunk flexes forward in the sagittal plane. This forward flexion places a significant compressive force on the anterior (front) aspects of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. The posterior elements of the spine, conversely, experience distraction.

Make pencil marks on 25 cents at 6:00 and 12:00. Flatten the $5 bill out. Which arthorkinematic motion will you need to make in order to reach the end of the flat 5 by 12:00 if you roll the 25 across it starting from the 6:00 position with the edge of the 25?

Answer: Glide (slide)

The scenario describes rolling a coin across a flat surface. For the 12:00 mark on the coin to reach the end of the bill while the coin is rolling, the coin must simultaneously rotate and translate across the surface. The translation component, where the contact point on the coin moves across the bill, is an example of a glide or slide arthrokinematic motion.

Long bones have cancellous bone in the metaphysis and epiphysis but compact bone in the diaphysis. (Also discovered between compact bone's layers)

Answer: Give one example of compact bone & one of cancellous bone.

The prompt describes the anatomical distribution of compact and cancellous bone within a long bone: compact bone in the diaphysis and cancellous bone in the metaphysis and epiphysis. The correct answer, 'Give one example of compact bone & one of cancellous bone,' is a logical follow-up question that directly relates to the provided statement, testing the understanding of these bone types.

Joint Capsule

Answer: What joint structure surrounds & encases the joint & protects the articular surfaces?

The term 'Joint Capsule' refers to a fibrous connective tissue structure that completely encloses a synovial joint, forming a sealed cavity. The correct answer, 'What joint structure surrounds & encases the joint & protects the articular surfaces?', accurately defines the function and location of a joint capsule. It highlights its role in providing stability, containing synovial fluid, and protecting internal joint structures.

Laterally, but a little lower to the greater side of the angle

Answer: What is the resultant force of the sternal & clavicular portions of the pectoralis major? ( > shape)

The pectoralis major has two main heads: clavicular and sternal. When these portions contract, their individual lines of pull combine to create a resultant force. This resultant force is typically described as acting laterally and slightly inferiorly, or 'a little lower to the greater side of the angle,' reflecting the combined vector of the muscle fibers.

Lateral (external)

Answer: Putting your right ankle on your left knee involves what type of hip rotation?

Placing your right ankle on your left knee requires the right hip to move into a position of abduction and external (lateral) rotation. This specific movement pattern is a common way to assess or describe hip external rotation. The other options do not directly elicit or describe a 'lateral (external)' movement in the same context.

Traction (distraction)

Answer: Identify the accessory motion force(s) occurring in the following activities: Swinging a child around by her arms

Swinging a child by their arms involves pulling on the child's upper extremities. This pulling force creates a separation of joint surfaces, which is known as traction or distraction. This accessory motion is a key component of joint mobilization and can be a mechanism for injury if excessive.