Orthopaedic Nurse Test Orthopaedic Nurse Test Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of fracture is characterized by the bone being crushed or compressed, commonly seen in vertebral injuries?
- Greenstick fracture
- Compression fracture (Correct answer)
- Transverse fracture
- Spiral fracture
Correct answer: Compression fracture
A compression fracture occurs when bone is crushed under excessive axial force, frequently affecting vertebral bodies in osteoporotic patients.
Question 2: The median nerve passes through which anatomical tunnel at the wrist?
- Guyon's canal
- Carpal tunnel (Correct answer)
- Cubital tunnel
- Tarsal tunnel
Correct answer: Carpal tunnel
The median nerve travels through the carpal tunnel at the wrist; compression here causes carpal tunnel syndrome.
Question 3: Which anatomical landmark is used to identify the greater trochanter of the femur during assessment?
- Bony prominence felt on the lateral proximal thigh (Correct answer)
- Bony prominence felt on the medial knee
- Posterior superior iliac spine
- Ischial tuberosity
Correct answer: Bony prominence felt on the lateral proximal thigh
The greater trochanter is palpated as a bony prominence on the lateral aspect of the proximal femur and serves as a landmark for hip assessment.
Question 4: Wolff's Law states that bone will adapt its structure in response to which factor?
- Blood calcium levels
- Hormonal fluctuations
- Mechanical loads placed upon it (Correct answer)
- Vitamin D intake
Correct answer: Mechanical loads placed upon it
Wolff's Law states that bone remodels and strengthens in response to mechanical stress, which is why weight-bearing exercise improves bone density.
Question 5: Which ligament of the knee prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur?
- Posterior cruciate ligament
- Medial collateral ligament
- Anterior cruciate ligament (Correct answer)
- Lateral collateral ligament
Correct answer: Anterior cruciate ligament
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) resists anterior tibial translation and rotational forces, making it a critical stabilizer of the knee.
Question 6: The 'unhappy triad' knee injury involves damage to which three structures?
- ACL, PCL, and lateral meniscus
- ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus (Correct answer)
- PCL, LCL, and lateral meniscus
- MCL, LCL, and ACL
Correct answer: ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus
The unhappy triad (O'Donoghue triad) involves simultaneous injury to the ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus, typically from a valgus force to the knee.
Orthopaedic Nurse Test Orthopaedic Nurse Test Musculoskeletal Anatomy & Physiology 2
Which type of fracture is characterized by the bone being crushed or compressed, commonly seen in vertebral injuries?