OGT Glucose Metabolism and Physiology 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which organ is primarily responsible for removing glucose from the bloodstream after an oral glucose load?
- Kidneys
- Skeletal muscle and liver (Correct answer)
- Small intestine
- Pancreas
Correct answer: Skeletal muscle and liver
After glucose absorption, skeletal muscle and the liver are the primary tissues that take up and store glucose, driven by insulin stimulation.
Question 2: What is the primary hormone released by the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose?
- Glucagon
- Insulin (Correct answer)
- Cortisol
- Epinephrine
Correct answer: Insulin
Beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans secrete insulin in response to rising blood glucose, facilitating cellular glucose uptake.
Question 3: Which pancreatic cell type releases glucagon to counter hypoglycemia?
- Beta cells
- Delta cells
- Alpha cells (Correct answer)
- PP cells
Correct answer: Alpha cells
Alpha cells in the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon, which stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to raise blood glucose.
Question 4: What process do liver cells use to convert stored glycogen back to glucose during fasting?
- Glycogenesis
- Gluconeogenesis
- Glycogenolysis (Correct answer)
- Lipolysis
Correct answer: Glycogenolysis
Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of hepatic glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate, which is then released as free glucose into the bloodstream.
Question 5: Which transporter is responsible for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle?
- GLUT1
- GLUT2
- GLUT4 (Correct answer)
- GLUT5
Correct answer: GLUT4
GLUT4 is the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter that translocates to the cell membrane in response to insulin, allowing glucose into muscle and fat cells.
Question 6: What term describes the liver's production of new glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors such as amino acids?
- Glycolysis
- Glycogenolysis
- Gluconeogenesis (Correct answer)
- Glycogenesis
Correct answer: Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis is the hepatic synthesis of glucose from lactate, amino acids, and glycerol, primarily active during prolonged fasting.
OGT Glucose Metabolism and Physiology 1
Which organ is primarily responsible for removing glucose from the bloodstream after an oral glucose load?