OCN Cancer Biology and Pathophysiology 3

Question 1

Which cancer screening test detects precancerous lesions and is recommended for cervical cancer prevention?

Accepted Answer

Papanicolaou (Pap) smear and HPV testing

Answer

CA-125 blood test

Answer

Colonoscopy only

Answer

Chest CT scan

Question 2

The immune system recognizes cancer cells through a process called immune surveillance. Which cells are the primary cancer-killing effectors?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+ T cells) and natural killer (NK) cells

Answer

B lymphocytes exclusively

Answer

Eosinophils and basophils

Answer

Platelets and red blood cells

Question 3

Which process allows cancer cells to invade surrounding tissues by breaking down the extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion

Answer

Increased cell adhesion

Answer

Upregulation of E-cadherin

Answer

Decreased VEGF production

Question 4

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer enables which key behavior?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells to lose cell junctions and gain migratory and invasive properties

Answer

Increased sensitivity to chemotherapy

Answer

Stable tumor growth without spread

Answer

Enhanced response to hormone therapy

Question 5

Which cancer type has a strong etiological link to Helicobacter pylori infection?

Accepted Answer

Gastric (stomach) adenocarcinoma

Answer

Colon cancer

Answer

Pancreatic cancer

Answer

Liver cancer

Question 6

Which type of biopsy provides the least invasive tissue diagnosis for accessible superficial tumors?

Accepted Answer

Fine needle aspiration (FNA)

Answer

Open surgical biopsy

Answer

Excisional biopsy

Answer

Incisional biopsy