OAT Biology 5

Question 1

Which of the following is the correct order of taxonomic classification from broadest to most specific?

Accepted Answer

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Answer

The standard Linnaean hierarchy proceeds: Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species.

Question 2

The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately:

Accepted Answer

-70 mV

Answer

The resting membrane potential of most neurons is approximately −70 mV, maintained by K⁺ leakage and the Na⁺/K⁺ pump.

Question 3

Which hormone is produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans and lowers blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets secrete insulin in response to high blood glucose, promoting cellular glucose uptake.

Question 4

In which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain and ATP synthase generates ~32–34 of the ~36–38 ATP per glucose.

Question 5

A cell lacking functional lysosomes would be MOST impaired in its ability to:

Accepted Answer

Digest engulfed pathogens

Answer

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down engulfed material; without them, intracellular digestion fails.

OAT - Optometry Admission Test Practice Test