OAT Biology 2

Question 1

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching anticodons to mRNA codons.

Question 2

The sodium-potassium pump moves ions against their concentration gradients using:

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis

Answer

The Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump uses energy from ATP hydrolysis to move 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ in against their gradients.

Question 3

During meiosis II, what separates to produce haploid daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids

Answer

Meiosis II resembles mitosis; sister chromatids separate at the centromere to yield haploid cells.

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for modifying and sorting proteins destined for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

The Golgi apparatus processes, packages, and sorts proteins received from the rough ER for secretion or intracellular use.

Question 5

A frameshift mutation caused by a single nucleotide deletion would MOST likely result in:

Accepted Answer

Altered amino acids from the deletion point onward

Answer

Deleting one nucleotide shifts the reading frame, changing every codon downstream of the mutation.

OAT - Optometry Admission Test Practice Test