Organic Chemistry Reactions Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Organic Chemistry Reactions flashcards as text
Which reagent selectively reduces an ester to a primary alcohol without reducing isolated alkene groups?
Answer: LiAlH4
LiAlH4 is a strong enough hydride donor to reduce esters fully to primary alcohols, whereas NaBH4 cannot reduce esters.
What product results from treating a ketone with hydroxylamine (NH2OH)?
Answer: Oxime
Hydroxylamine condenses with the carbonyl group of a ketone to form an oxime (C=N-OH) and water.
In electrophilic aromatic substitution, nitrobenzene undergoes nitration to give primarily which isomer?
Answer: Meta-dinitrobenzene
The nitro group is a strong meta-director because it destabilizes carbocation intermediates at ortho and para positions.
Which conditions convert a carboxylic acid to an acyl chloride?
Answer: SOCl2 or PCl5
Thionyl chloride (SOCl2) or phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) replaces the OH of a carboxylic acid with Cl to give the acyl chloride.
What type of reaction is the Beckmann rearrangement?
Answer: Conversion of a ketoxime to an amide via acid-catalyzed rearrangement
The Beckmann rearrangement converts a ketoxime to an amide under acidic conditions via a 1,2-shift of the group anti to the hydroxyl.
Which mechanism operates during the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene?
Answer: Electrophilic aromatic substitution via a carbocation electrophile
A Lewis acid (AlCl3) generates a carbocation electrophile that attacks the π system of benzene in an electrophilic aromatic substitution.
What is the major product when 1-butyne reacts with 2 equivalents of HBr?
Answer: 1,1-dibromobutane
Two Markovnikov additions of HBr to the terminal alkyne place both bromines on C-1, giving 1,1-dibromobutane (gem-dibromide).