General Biology Flashcards
7 cards from real OAT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 General Biology flashcards as text
Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?
Answer: Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the ER and modifies, sorts, and packages them into vesicles for secretion or intracellular use.
During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?
Answer: Meiosis I anaphase
Homologous chromosome pairs separate during anaphase I of meiosis, while sister chromatids separate during anaphase II.
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
Answer: tRNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA) has an anticodon that matches the mRNA codon and carries the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome.
The sodium-potassium pump moves ions against their concentration gradient, making it an example of:
Answer: Active transport
Active transport uses ATP energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, as the Na⁺/K⁺ pump does by moving 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ in per cycle.
Which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix ahead of the replication fork?
Answer: Helicase
Helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs to unwind and separate the two DNA strands at the replication fork.
In a food web, organisms that obtain energy by consuming primary producers are called:
Answer: Primary consumers
Primary consumers (herbivores) feed directly on producers (plants/algae), occupying the second trophic level.
Which blood vessel type has walls only one cell layer thick, facilitating gas and nutrient exchange?
Answer: Capillaries
Capillaries have walls composed of a single layer of endothelial cells, enabling efficient diffusion of gases, nutrients, and wastes.