Biology Flashcards

Which of the following is the correct order of taxonomic classification from broadest to most specific?

Answer: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

The standard Linnaean hierarchy proceeds: Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species.

The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately:

Answer: -70 mV

The resting membrane potential of most neurons is approximately −70 mV, maintained by K⁺ leakage and the Na⁺/K⁺ pump.

Which hormone is produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans and lowers blood glucose?

Answer: Insulin

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets secrete insulin in response to high blood glucose, promoting cellular glucose uptake.

In which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Answer: Oxidative phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain and ATP synthase generates ~32–34 of the ~36–38 ATP per glucose.

A cell lacking functional lysosomes would be MOST impaired in its ability to:

Answer: Digest engulfed pathogens

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down engulfed material; without them, intracellular digestion fails.

Which type of symbiosis is demonstrated when a barnacle attaches to a whale, benefiting the barnacle while neither helping nor harming the whale?

Answer: Commensalism

Commensalism describes a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.

The gene for colorblindness is X-linked recessive. A colorblind woman (X^c X^c) mates with a man with normal vision (X^N Y). What fraction of their daughters will be colorblind?

Answer: 0%

All daughters inherit X^c from their mother and X^N from their father, making them carriers (X^c X^N) with normal vision.