Biology Flashcards
7 cards from real OAT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Biology flashcards as text
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
Answer: tRNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching anticodons to mRNA codons.
The sodium-potassium pump moves ions against their concentration gradients using:
Answer: ATP hydrolysis
The Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump uses energy from ATP hydrolysis to move 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ in against their gradients.
During meiosis II, what separates to produce haploid daughter cells?
Answer: Sister chromatids
Meiosis II resembles mitosis; sister chromatids separate at the centromere to yield haploid cells.
Which organelle is primarily responsible for modifying and sorting proteins destined for secretion?
Answer: Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus processes, packages, and sorts proteins received from the rough ER for secretion or intracellular use.
A frameshift mutation caused by a single nucleotide deletion would MOST likely result in:
Answer: Altered amino acids from the deletion point onward
Deleting one nucleotide shifts the reading frame, changing every codon downstream of the mutation.
Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes aligning along the cell's equatorial plate?
Answer: Metaphase
During metaphase, spindle fibers attach to kinetochores and align chromosomes at the metaphase plate.
In a Hardy-Weinberg population, if the frequency of the recessive allele (q) is 0.3, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes?
Answer: 0.42
Heterozygote frequency = 2pq = 2(0.7)(0.3) = 0.42.