O-Level Geography 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is a delta?
- A type of volcano
- A triangular deposit of sediment at the mouth of a river (Correct answer)
- A deep ocean trench
- A type of coastal cliff
Correct answer: A triangular deposit of sediment at the mouth of a river
A delta is a landform created by the deposition of sediment carried by a river as it enters a slower-moving body of water, typically at the river's mouth.
Question 2: Which of the following best describes 'demographic transition'?
- Migration from one country to another
- The historical shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates (Correct answer)
- Rapid population growth in all countries
- Declining populations worldwide
Correct answer: The historical shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
The demographic transition model describes how countries typically move from high birth and death rates (pre-industrial) to low birth and death rates (post-industrial) as they develop economically.
Question 3: What is the impact of deforestation on the water cycle?
- It increases rainfall
- It reduces transpiration and increases surface runoff, leading to flooding and reduced groundwater recharge (Correct answer)
- It has no impact on the water cycle
- It purifies river water
Correct answer: It reduces transpiration and increases surface runoff, leading to flooding and reduced groundwater recharge
Deforestation removes trees that contribute to transpiration, disrupts the water cycle, reduces groundwater recharge, increases surface runoff (flooding risk), and causes soil erosion.
Question 4: What is an aquifer?
- A type of fish tank
- An underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water (Correct answer)
- A surface reservoir
- A type of ocean current
Correct answer: An underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water
An aquifer is an underground layer of permeable rock, sediment, or soil that contains and can transmit groundwater, serving as a major source of freshwater.
Question 5: What does 'ageing population' mean?
- A population with many young people
- A population where the median age is increasing and the proportion of elderly people is growing (Correct answer)
- A population that is decreasing
- A population with equal numbers of all age groups
Correct answer: A population where the median age is increasing and the proportion of elderly people is growing
An ageing population is characterised by a rising median age and increasing proportion of elderly people, typically due to lower birth rates and longer life expectancy.
Question 6: Which economic sector involves the processing of raw materials into goods?
- Primary sector
- Secondary sector (Correct answer)
- Tertiary sector
- Quaternary sector
Correct answer: Secondary sector
The secondary sector involves manufacturing and industry — transforming raw materials from the primary sector into finished goods (e.g., factories, construction).
O-Level Geography 3
What is a delta?