NYC FREE NYC Civil Service Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Questions and Answers 3

Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates deductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

All sworn officers carry badges; Officer Chen is sworn; therefore Officer Chen carries a badge

Answer

The syllogism about Officer Chen draws a certain conclusion from universal premises, making it deductive.

Question 2

Complete the analogy: Inductive is to probable as deductive is to ___?

Accepted Answer

Certain

Answer

Inductive conclusions are probable while deductive conclusions, if premises are true, are logically certain.

Question 3

A fire marshal reviews incident reports from the past six months and observes that most fires in residential buildings started in kitchens. He recommends enhanced kitchen inspections city-wide. What kind of reasoning supports his recommendation?

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning from observed data

Answer

Using observed data trends to support a general recommendation is the essence of inductive reasoning.

Question 4

Examine the sequence: 3, 6, 11, 18, 27, ___. What comes next?

Accepted Answer

38

Answer

The differences between terms are 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 — increasing odd numbers — so 27 + 11 = 38.

Question 5

A department head states: 'No budget transfers are allowed after October 1. This request was submitted on October 3. Therefore, this transfer cannot be approved.' This argument uses:

Accepted Answer

Deductive reasoning

Answer

Applying a universal rule (no transfers after Oct 1) to a specific case (Oct 3 request) to reach a certain conclusion is deductive reasoning.

NYC - Civil Service Exam Practice Test

NYC - Civil Service Exam Practice Test

NYC FREE NYC Civil Service Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Questions and Answers 3