NTA Nutritional Science Fundamentals 3

Question 1

Which pathway is the body's primary mechanism for producing glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates such as amino acids and glycerol?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic pathway that synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, primarily occurring in the liver and to a lesser extent in the kidneys.

Question 2

What is the glycemic index (GI) of a food primarily determined by?

Accepted Answer

The rate at which the food raises blood glucose compared to a reference food

Answer

The glycemic index measures how quickly a food raises blood glucose levels compared to a reference food (usually pure glucose or white bread = 100), expressed as a percentage.

Question 3

Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting dietary fat from the intestines via the lymphatic system to peripheral tissues?

Accepted Answer

Chylomicron

Answer

Chylomicrons, assembled in intestinal enterocytes, carry dietary triglycerides and fat-soluble vitamins through the lymphatic system before entering the bloodstream.

Question 4

What is the role of intrinsic factor in nutritional absorption?

Accepted Answer

It binds vitamin B12 in the stomach, enabling its absorption in the ileum

Answer

Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein secreted by gastric parietal cells that binds vitamin B12 and carries it to specific receptors in the terminal ileum for absorption.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'nitrogen balance'?

Accepted Answer

The difference between nitrogen intake and nitrogen excreted

Answer

Nitrogen balance compares the amount of nitrogen consumed (primarily from protein) to the amount excreted, indicating whether the body is building, maintaining, or breaking down protein.

(NTA) Nutritional Therapy Association Certification Practice Test

(NTA) Nutritional Therapy Association Certification Practice Test

NTA Nutritional Science Fundamentals 3