NTA Digestion & Gut Health 2

Question 1

What term describes an imbalance in the composition or function of the gut microbiome?

Accepted Answer

Dysbiosis

Answer

Eubiosis

Answer

Microbiosis

Answer

Symbiosis

Question 2

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate are produced when gut bacteria ferment which dietary component?

Accepted Answer

Prebiotic fiber

Answer

Dietary protein

Answer

Saturated fat

Answer

Simple sugars

Question 3

Which type of intestinal cell produces mucus that forms the protective layer between gut contents and the epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Goblet cells

Answer

Enterocytes

Answer

Paneth cells

Answer

Enteroendocrine cells

Question 4

In the context of 'leaky gut' (intestinal hyperpermeability), which protein structures are primarily disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Answer

Desmosomes

Answer

Gap junctions

Answer

Adherens junctions

Question 5

Which of the following best describes small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)?

Accepted Answer

Excessive colonization of bacteria in the small intestine beyond normal levels

Answer

Deficiency of Lactobacillus in the large intestine

Answer

Overgrowth of Candida in the colon

Answer

Insufficient stomach acid causing colonic fermentation

Question 6

Secretory IgA (sIgA) in the gut plays which immunological role?

Accepted Answer

Binding pathogens and antigens in the gut lumen to prevent epithelial adhesion

Answer

Directly lysing bacterial cell walls

Answer

Activating mast cells to release histamine

Answer

Producing hydrochloric acid to denature foreign proteins

Question 7

Which dietary pattern is most associated with reducing gut microbiome diversity, according to current research?

Accepted Answer

Western diet high in ultra-processed foods and low in fiber

Answer

Traditional whole-food, plant-rich diet

Answer

High intake of fermented foods

Answer

Mediterranean diet with moderate red wine