NRPA Advanced Techniques & Methods 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which technique is used in park maintenance to reduce compaction in high-traffic turf areas without fully closing them?
- Hollow-tine aeration (Correct answer)
- Scarification
- Topdressing with sand
- Overseed drilling
Correct answer: Hollow-tine aeration
Hollow-tine aeration removes plugs of soil to relieve compaction and improve air and water infiltration while allowing continued use.
Question 2: In therapeutic recreation, the 'Leisure Ability Model' is primarily designed to:
- Measure park attendance metrics
- Provide a framework for functional intervention through to independent leisure (Correct answer)
- Assess budget needs for adaptive equipment
- Determine staffing ratios for programs
Correct answer: Provide a framework for functional intervention through to independent leisure
The Leisure Ability Model guides therapeutic recreation specialists from functional intervention through leisure education to recreational participation.
Question 3: When applying the 'logic model' to recreation program evaluation, which element represents the immediate results of program activities?
- Inputs
- Outputs
- Outcomes (Correct answer)
- Impacts
Correct answer: Outcomes
Outcomes represent the changes in knowledge, skills, attitudes, or behaviors that result directly from program participation.
Question 4: A park agency wants to implement Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). Which strategy is most directly associated with CPTED?
- Installing security cameras at all entrances
- Trimming vegetation to improve natural surveillance (Correct answer)
- Hiring additional park rangers
- Adding lighting only to parking lots
Correct answer: Trimming vegetation to improve natural surveillance
CPTED uses natural surveillance techniques like clearing sightlines by trimming vegetation to deter criminal activity through environmental design.
Question 5: Which aquatic programming method is specifically used to assess swimmer competency before advancing to open-water activities?
- Beginner swim test
- Swim classification test (Correct answer)
- Water safety skills checklist
- Lifeguard prerequisite screening
Correct answer: Swim classification test
A swim classification test evaluates swimmers' ability across defined skill levels to safely place them in appropriate aquatic activities.
Question 6: In park design, 'universal design' differs from ADA compliance in that it:
- Is legally required while ADA is voluntary
- Aims to create environments usable by all people without adaptation (Correct answer)
- Focuses only on mobility impairments
- Applies only to indoor recreation facilities
Correct answer: Aims to create environments usable by all people without adaptation
Universal design creates spaces usable by all people regardless of ability, going beyond ADA's minimum legal accessibility requirements.
Question 7: The 'Benefits-Based Programming' (BBP) approach in recreation management requires that programs be planned around:
- Available budget allocations
- Predetermined outcomes and documented community benefits (Correct answer)
- Staff preferences and expertise
- Equipment inventory and facility schedules
Correct answer: Predetermined outcomes and documented community benefits
BBP requires identifying desired outcomes and community benefits first, then designing programs backward from those results.
NRPA Advanced Techniques & Methods 2
Which technique is used in park maintenance to reduce compaction in high-traffic turf areas without fully closing them?