NPS NPS Respiratory Management 3

Question 1

What is the normal PaCO2 range targeted during mechanical ventilation of a neonate with RDS?

Accepted Answer

35–45 mmHg

Answer

20–30 mmHg

Answer

45–55 mmHg

Answer

55–65 mmHg

Question 2

Which condition is the most common cause of air leak syndrome in mechanically ventilated neonates?

Accepted Answer

RDS with high PIP ventilation

Answer

Pulmonary hypoplasia

Answer

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Answer

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Question 3

A neonate with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is intubated at birth. Why is bag-mask ventilation avoided in CDH?

Accepted Answer

It inflates herniated bowel, worsening lung compression

Answer

It causes bradycardia

Answer

It increases pulmonary vascular resistance

Answer

It delivers too much oxygen

Question 4

What is the significance of a pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) finding on chest X-ray in a ventilated preterm neonate?

Accepted Answer

It represents air dissecting into lung interstitium, a risk factor for tension pneumothorax

Answer

It indicates adequate lung recruitment

Answer

It is a benign finding requiring no intervention

Answer

It confirms surfactant therapy success

Question 5

Which parameter primarily determines oxygenation in a neonate on high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV)?

Accepted Answer

Mean airway pressure (MAP)

Answer

Amplitude (ΔP)

Answer

Frequency (Hz)

Answer

Inspiratory time

Question 6

A preterm neonate on CPAP at 6 cmH2O has increasing work of breathing and FiO2 requirement >40%. What is the next appropriate intervention?

Accepted Answer

Administer inhaled surfactant via LISA/MIST technique

Answer

Increase CPAP to 10 cmH2O

Answer

Immediately intubate and place on conventional ventilation

Answer

Switch to high-flow nasal cannula