NP Research & Evidence-Based Practice 5

Question 1

A nurse practitioner is conducting a chart review study with de-identified data. Which statement about HIPAA compliance is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

De-identified data is not considered protected health information under HIPAA

Answer

IRB approval is not required when data is de-identified

Answer

De-identification requires removal of only the patient's name and date of birth

Answer

HIPAA does not apply to retrospective chart reviews

Question 2

Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate when reporting outcomes from a skewed distribution such as length of hospital stay?

Accepted Answer

Median

Answer

Mean

Answer

Mode

Answer

Standard deviation

Question 3

An NP is applying evidence from a study conducted in tertiary academic medical centers to patients in a rural primary care setting. Which concept is most relevant?

Accepted Answer

External validity or generalizability

Answer

Internal validity

Answer

Construct validity

Answer

Statistical validity

Question 4

In a Delphi method study, what is the primary purpose of multiple iterative rounds with expert panelists?

Accepted Answer

To achieve consensus among experts through structured feedback

Answer

To test an intervention across multiple sites simultaneously

Answer

To reduce observer bias in qualitative data collection

Answer

To increase the statistical power of expert opinion

Question 5

A clinical trial is terminated early due to overwhelming evidence of benefit in the treatment group. This is an example of which concept?

Accepted Answer

Stopping for efficacy based on interim analysis

Answer

Type I error inflation due to multiple comparisons

Answer

Regression to the mean affecting outcomes

Answer

Publication bias favoring positive results

Question 6

When a systematic review uses a PRISMA flow diagram, what information does it primarily convey?

Accepted Answer

The process of study identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion

Answer

The statistical methods used to pool study results

Answer

The quality ratings assigned to each included study

Answer

The funding sources and potential conflicts of interest

Question 7

An NP wants to implement evidence-based fall prevention protocols but faces resistance from nursing staff who believe current practice is adequate. According to Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations theory, these nurses are best classified as:

Accepted Answer

Laggards

Answer

Late majority

Answer

Early majority

Answer

Early adopters