NMC Health Promotion and Prevention 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A midwife advises a pregnant woman who smokes about risks to her unborn child. Which complication is MOST directly associated with smoking during pregnancy?
- Gestational diabetes
- Placenta previa
- Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (Correct answer)
- Hyperemesis gravidarum
Correct answer: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
Smoking causes vasoconstriction and reduces placental blood flow, leading to intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight.
Question 2: A nurse working in a prenatal clinic wants to apply Tannahill's Model of Health Promotion. Which element is unique to this model compared to earlier frameworks?
- Behavior change education
- Health protection through legislation
- Overlapping spheres that include preventive health services (Correct answer)
- Community development activities
Correct answer: Overlapping spheres that include preventive health services
Tannahill's Model uniquely presents health promotion as three overlapping spheres — education, prevention, and protection — highlighting their interconnected nature.
Question 3: A school nurse teaches adolescents about sun safety. Which statement about UV radiation exposure and skin cancer prevention is MOST accurate?
- Tanning beds are safer than natural sunlight because UV intensity is controlled
- SPF 30 sunscreen blocks 97% of UVB rays when applied correctly (Correct answer)
- A base tan provides significant protection against sunburn
- Skin cancer only develops after many years of cumulative sun exposure in adulthood
Correct answer: SPF 30 sunscreen blocks 97% of UVB rays when applied correctly
SPF 30 blocks approximately 97% of UVB rays, making it highly effective when applied generously and reapplied every two hours.
Question 4: When conducting a health needs assessment for a local population, which data source provides the MOST objective measure of population health status?
- Focus group interviews with community leaders
- Routine epidemiological data from public health registries (Correct answer)
- Patient satisfaction surveys from local clinics
- Anecdotal reports from community health workers
Correct answer: Routine epidemiological data from public health registries
Routine epidemiological data such as mortality rates, disease incidence, and hospital admission data provide objective, population-level health status information.
Question 5: A nurse educator trains new staff on hand hygiene. According to WHO's '5 Moments for Hand Hygiene,' when must hand hygiene be performed?
- Only before and after invasive procedures
- Before patient contact, before aseptic tasks, after body fluid exposure, after patient contact, and after contact with patient surroundings (Correct answer)
- After every patient contact and before entering any clinical area
- Before and after every medication administration only
Correct answer: Before patient contact, before aseptic tasks, after body fluid exposure, after patient contact, and after contact with patient surroundings
The WHO 5 Moments framework specifies hand hygiene before patient contact, before aseptic tasks, after body fluid exposure risk, after patient contact, and after touching patient surroundings.
Question 6: A midwife is counseling a postpartum woman about contraception and breastfeeding. Which statement about the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) is CORRECT?
- LAM is effective for up to 12 months regardless of breastfeeding frequency
- LAM provides 98% protection if the infant is fully breastfed, the woman is amenorrheic, and the infant is under 6 months (Correct answer)
- LAM is equally effective whether the infant receives any formula supplementation or not
- LAM begins to fail as soon as the postpartum woman resumes menstruation after 12 months
Correct answer: LAM provides 98% protection if the infant is fully breastfed, the woman is amenorrheic, and the infant is under 6 months
LAM is 98% effective when all three criteria are met: full breastfeeding, amenorrhea, and infant under 6 months of age.
Question 7: A nurse is implementing a falls prevention program for elderly patients in a community setting. Which intervention has the STRONGEST evidence base for reducing falls?
- Installing grab rails in bathrooms only
- Providing patient education pamphlets on fall risks
- Multifactorial assessment and intervention tailored to individual risk factors (Correct answer)
- Advising all elderly patients to use a walking frame
Correct answer: Multifactorial assessment and intervention tailored to individual risk factors
Multifactorial fall prevention programs that assess and address individual risk factors (medications, balance, environment, vision) have the strongest evidence for reducing falls in older adults.
NMC Health Promotion and Prevention 3
A midwife advises a pregnant woman who smokes about risks to her unborn child.
Which complication is MOST directly associated with smoking during pregnancy?