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Infection Prevention & Control Flashcards

6 cards from real NMC OSCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. What are the five moments for hand hygiene according to the WHO?

    Answer: Before patient contact, after patient contact, before a procedure, after a procedure, after touching the patient's environment

    The WHO Five Moments for Hand Hygiene are: (1) before patient contact, (2) before a clean/aseptic procedure, (3) after body fluid exposure risk, (4) after patient contact, and (5) after contact with patient surroundings. These moments form the framework for hand hygiene compliance.

  2. Which hand hygiene method is most effective against Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) spores?

    Answer: Soap and water handwashing

    Alcohol-based hand rubs are ineffective against C. difficile spores. Soap and water handwashing physically removes the spores from hands. For this reason, soap and water must be used when caring for patients with confirmed or suspected C. diff infection.

  3. Standard precautions apply to which patients?

    Answer: All patients at all times regardless of diagnosis

    Standard precautions (formerly universal precautions) apply to all patients, all the time, regardless of known infection status. This approach assumes all blood, body fluids, secretions, and non-intact skin may be infectious.

  4. A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. What type of isolation is required?

    Answer: Airborne precautions in a negative pressure room

    Active pulmonary tuberculosis requires airborne precautions because M. tuberculosis is transmitted via droplet nuclei that remain suspended in air. A negative pressure room prevents the pathogen from escaping into the general ward environment.

  5. What is the correct order for donning (putting on) PPE before entering an isolation room?

    Answer: Apron, mask, eye protection, gloves

    The correct donning sequence is: apron/gown first, then mask/respirator, then eye protection/face shield, then gloves. Gloves are last as they protect against hand contamination during other PPE donning steps.

  6. What is the minimum time recommended for hand hygiene using the WHO six-step technique with soap and water?

    Answer: 40–60 seconds

    The WHO recommends that hand hygiene using soap and water using the six-step technique takes 40–60 seconds, including wetting, application of soap, rubbing (six steps), rinsing, and drying. Alcohol hand rub takes 20–30 seconds.