Infection Prevention and Control Flashcards
7 cards from real NMC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Infection Prevention and Control flashcards as text
A patient is placed in a negative-pressure isolation room. What does this room design accomplish?
Answer: Keeps contaminated air inside and prevents it from escaping into the corridor
Negative pressure rooms maintain air pressure lower than the corridor, so air flows inward and infected air exhausted out is not shared with other areas.
Which of the five moments of hand hygiene (WHO) occurs BEFORE a clean or aseptic procedure?
Answer: Moment 2 — Before a clean or aseptic procedure
WHO Moment 2 requires hand hygiene immediately before performing any clean or aseptic task to protect the patient from organisms on the nurse's hands.
Which type of transmission does a nurse prevent by placing a patient with influenza in a single room with the door closed?
Answer: Droplet transmission
Influenza spreads via large respiratory droplets; a private room with the door closed reduces droplet dispersal to other patients and staff.
A nurse must perform a clean wound dressing change. Which principle of medical asepsis is most important to maintain throughout?
Answer: Keeping all supplies above waist level and within the line of sight
In medical asepsis, supplies and hands must remain above waist level and in sight to prevent contamination from non-sterile surfaces below or behind the nurse.
An antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) contributes to infection prevention primarily by:
Answer: Reducing inappropriate antibiotic use to limit the development of resistant organisms
ASPs reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing, which limits selective pressure that drives antibiotic resistance and reduces HAIs from resistant organisms.
A nurse is educating a patient about home injection technique. Which instruction is most important for preventing local site infection?
Answer: Cleanse the injection site with an alcohol swab and allow it to dry before injecting
Allowing the alcohol to dry before injection ensures the antiseptic is effective and prevents the alcohol from being carried into the tissue, causing stinging or reducing sterility.
Which occupational exposure scenario carries the HIGHEST risk of HIV transmission to a healthcare worker?
Answer: Needlestick from a hollow-bore needle with blood from an HIV-positive patient
Hollow-bore needlestick injuries with blood from an HIV-positive source carry the highest occupational HIV transmission risk (~0.3%), far exceeding mucocutaneous exposure.