NMC CBT Nutrition and Fluid Balance 2

Question 1

Before administering the first feed via a newly inserted nasogastric tube, which method is the GOLD STANDARD for confirming correct tube position?

Accepted Answer

Confirming position with a chest X-ray

Answer

Aspirating gastric contents and checking colour

Answer

Auscultating air insufflation over the epigastrium

Answer

Checking pH of aspirate is 5.5 or below

Question 2

A patient develops signs of fluid overload. Which combination of findings is MOST consistent with this condition?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension, peripheral oedema, and bibasal crackles

Answer

Tachycardia, dry mucous membranes, and oliguria

Answer

Hypotension, poor skin turgor, and concentrated urine

Answer

Bradycardia, weight loss, and sunken eyes

Question 3

A patient is prescribed Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN). Which vascular access route is MOST appropriate for long-term TPN administration?

Accepted Answer

Central venous catheter

Answer

Peripheral cannula in the forearm

Answer

Intraosseous needle

Answer

Arterial line

Question 4

Which laboratory marker is commonly used to assess a patient's long-term nutritional status and protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Serum albumin

Answer

Serum glucose

Answer

Serum creatinine

Answer

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Question 5

A patient with dysphagia is assessed by the speech and language therapy team and placed on a modified texture diet. According to the IDDSI framework, which descriptor refers to a smooth, cohesive food that requires no chewing?

Accepted Answer

Pureed

Answer

Minced and moist

Answer

Soft and bite-sized

Answer

Regular

Question 6

Which of the following conditions is MOST likely to cause hyponatraemia (low serum sodium)?

Accepted Answer

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion (SIADH)

Answer

Excessive IV saline infusion

Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Answer

Addison's disease treated with fludrocortisone

Question 7

A nurse is caring for a patient on fluid restriction of 1000 mL per day. The patient has already consumed 650 mL during the morning shift. How much fluid can the patient receive for the rest of the day?

Accepted Answer

350 mL

Answer

250 mL

Answer

450 mL

Answer

500 mL