NMC CBT Nutrition and Fluid Balance

Question 1

A patient is admitted with suspected dehydration. Which clinical sign is MOST consistent with moderate dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Dry mucous membranes and reduced skin turgor

Answer

Bounding pulse and hypertension

Answer

Peripheral oedema and crackles on auscultation

Answer

Bradycardia and increased urine output

Question 2

When completing a fluid balance chart, which of the following should be recorded as OUTPUT?

Accepted Answer

Wound drainage

Answer

IV infusion rate

Answer

Oral fluid intake

Answer

Nasogastric feed volume

Question 3

The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) includes which three assessment components?

Accepted Answer

BMI, recent weight loss, and acute disease effect

Answer

Age, serum albumin, and dietary intake

Answer

Height, mid-arm circumference, and appetite

Answer

Fluid intake, BMI, and mobility

Question 4

An adult patient weighing 70 kg has a normal daily urine output. Which volume is within the expected range?

Accepted Answer

800–2000 mL/day

Answer

200–400 mL/day

Answer

400–600 mL/day

Answer

2500–3500 mL/day

Question 5

A patient receiving enteral nutrition via nasogastric tube develops a distended abdomen and vomiting. What is the PRIORITY nursing action?

Accepted Answer

Stop the feed and inform the nurse in charge

Answer

Increase the rate of the feed

Answer

Reposition the patient supine

Answer

Administer an antiemetic and continue the feed

Question 6

Which serum electrolyte level, if significantly reduced, is MOST likely to cause muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Magnesium

Question 7

A nurse uses the BMI formula to assess a patient's nutritional status. Which BMI range indicates underweight in an adult?

Accepted Answer

Less than 18.5 kg/m²

Answer

18.5–24.9 kg/m²

Answer

25–29.9 kg/m²

Answer

30 kg/m² or above